INTRO TO LINUX

HISTORY:-               LINUX

      LINUX IS BASED ON COMMAND LINE OR ___CLI _ MODE OR CBI__ MODE WE

      OPERATE LINUX IN GUI ____ GRAPHICAL UNIT INTERFACE MODE OR

      CLI ___COMMAND LINE INTERFACE ______ MODE

POINTS ABOUT LINUX___________________________________________________

     

1__LINUX IS A SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM .

2__THERE ARE 80 OPERATING SYSTEMS ARE WORKS IN THE WORLD.

3__70% OF O/S SYSTEMS ARE SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM.

4__30% ARE OF O/S ARE CLINT O/S N OTHER O/S.

5__71% OF WEBSIETS ARE RUNING ON THE APACHE SERVER WHICH IS

      BASED ON THE LINUX O/S.           

6__29% OF WEBSITES ARE RUNNING ON THE OTHER SERVER O/S.

[FOR INFORMATION ABOUT LINUX__ LOGON TO WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG]

WWW.KERNAL.COM, WWW.FSF.COM.

OPRATING SYSTEM                                                      INVENTER COMPANY

LINUX______________________________________REDHAT.

AIX________________________________________IBM.

WINDOWS, ZANIX___________________________MICROSOFT.

HP-UX_____________________________________HP.

NETWARE__________________________________NOVELL.

SUN SOLARIS_______________________________SUN.

SUN HAVE THE MOST COSTLY O/S IN THE WORLD THEY HAVE RANGE FROM

[16 LACSTO_______70 CRORE]

PUNCHCARD_______1959_____________________________________________IN 1959 ALL OPERATINGSYSTEMS ARE DEPENDS ON A PUNCH CARD THAT IS A CHIP WHICH IS FIRST PROGRAMMIZED BEFORE USE THIS TAKE A VERY LONG TIME AND EVEN AFTER THET IT IS NOT SURE THET IT’S WORKING …..

WE CAN SWAP A PUNCH CARD INTO A COMPUETR ONLY ONCE AFTER THAT IT CAN’T BE USED.

AT&T_____AMERICAN TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONY______[MULTICS]________

THIS COMPANY GIVES A NEW OPRATING SYSTEM WHOSE NAME IS MULTICS

THIS IS A SERVER OPRATING SYSTEM WHICH SUPPORTS FOR THE PROPERTIES LIKE MULTITASKING, MULTIUSER, MULTINETWORKING,

MULTICS-_________________________________________________________

IS DEVELOPED IN AMERICA S _____IT BELL LAB_______OR  MIT LAB______

ALL IT SUDIES ARE COMES FROM THESE LABS .

IT BELL___________________________

MIT LABS__MOSTURE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.

1960_________KEN THOMPSON________________________________________

KEN THOMPSON IN 1960 WHILE WORKING ON MULTICS FOUND A NEW O/S THAT IS ____________UNIX___________________________________________

UNIX______________________________________________________________

AT THET TIME UNIX IS ONLY SUPPORT FOR THE MULTITASKING OR MULTIUSER IT NOT CONTAINS THE FEATURES OF NETWORING.

ITS PROGRAMMING BASED  ON THE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE.

1969________DANNIC RITCHHIE_______________________________________

IN 1969 DENNIC RITCHHIE REWRITE THE UNIX AND THEN IT ABLE TO SUPPORT FOR THE NETWORKING ALSO.

HE USE THE LANGUAGE FOR UNIX IS    “C”.

THENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

1991___LINUS TORVALDS_____________________________________________

·         Linux was introduced in 1991 by Linus Torvalds, a student at the University of Helsinki, Finland. He worked on the Linux project and wrote the source code for Linux kernel.

·         Linux is available on the internet, so many programmers can add to the code, even changed it, and built in support for all kinds of hardware.

·         Linux is a Unix clone and has been written from scratch by Linus Torvalds. Torvalds was working on Minix : a miniature version of Unix, mainly used as a teaching aid in universities and colleges.

·         Linus Torvalds was impressed with the features of the Unix operating system. So he wanted to create his own version of the Unix operating system and give it freely for use to everybody.

·         Linux is very similar to Unix, Unix was first a single user operating system. In 1969, Ken Thompson, with ideas and help from Dennis Ritchie and others, wrote a small general purpose operating system for small machines.

·         It was liked by number of users, and was eventually developed to be a multi-user operating system

·         LINUX HAVE 1.8 MILLION LINES.

OPEN SOURCE CODE ___________________________________________

LINUX IS A OPEN SOURCE CODE WRITTEN IN SOME LANGUAGE

THIS IS THE COMBINAYION OF THEKERNAL + RESOURCES

                                   

                                    OPEN SOURCE CODE

KERNEL                                                                   RESOURCES         

FOR THE KERNEL DEVELOPMENT THE FOLLOWING LANGUAGES USED.

KEN THOMPSON___________________________ASSEMBLY +”C++”.

DENNIC RITCHHIE__________________________”C” LANGUAGE.

LINUS TORNOLDS__________________________”C” & “C++”.

1…..___RESOURCES______________________________________________

RESOURCES ARE OF TWO TYPES

1__GPL ___GENERAL PACKET LICENCE.IT INSTALLS WITH THE KERNEL AUTOMATICALLY .

2__LGPL__LINUS GENERAL PACKET LICENCE. IT HAS TO BE INSTALLING MANUALLY .

2___KERNEL_____________________________________________________

KERNAL IS THE BASE OF EVERY O/S IN THE WORLD ALL THE RESOURCES ARE INSTALL ON THE KERNAL. SOME OF THE RESOURCES THAT ARE INBUILT IN THE O/S ARE BY DEFAULT ON THE KERNAL .

ANACONDA______IS THE FILE THAT IS NEED TO RUN THE KERNAL AND THIS FILE IS PRESENT IN THE ALL

                        COMMANDS OF LINUX IMPORTANT

# vim   -r  {anyfilename} ___ to recover file if any changes made to file run this                                                     command in the directory of the file.

# system-config-display ____to set the display of the monitor to change resolution.

# vi   /etc/services __________ to check all the port numbers and all services of Linux.

#w ____________________ to show the all information of the user on which u login